Program management or programme management is the process of managing several related projectsoften with the intention of improving an organization's performance.
In practice and in its peoject, program management is often closely related to systems engineeringindustrial engineeringchange managementand business transformation.
In the defense sector, it is the dominant approach to managing very large projects. Because major defense programs entail working with micgosoft, it is often called acquisition management, indicating that the government buyer acquires goods and services by means of contractors. The program manager has oversight of the odf and status of the projects in a program projectt can use this oversight to support project-level activity to ensure the program goals are met by providing a decision-making capacity that cannot be achieved at project level or by providing the project manager with a program perspective when required, or as a sounding board for ideas and approaches to solving project issues that have program impacts.
However this insight arises, the program manager needs this in order to be comfortable that the overall program goals are achievable. Many programs focus on delivering a capability to change, and are normally designed to deliver the organisation's strategy or business transformation.
Program management also emphasizes the coordinating and prioritizing of resources across projects, managing links between the projects and the overall costs and risks of the program. According to one source, "a Program is a group of related projects managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits and control NOT available from managing them individually. Mmicrosoft may include elements of related work outside of the scope of the discrete projects in the program Some projects within a program can deliver useful incremental benefits to the organization usiny the program itself has completed.
An alternative source the UK Office of Government Commerce uses the following definition, "a programme is a temporary flexible organisation structure created to coordinate, direct and oversee the implementation of a set of related projects and activities in order to deliver outcomes and benefits related to an organisations strategic objectives. A programme is likely to have a life that spans several years. The different spellings are relevant Program is the US spelling and Programme is the UK spelling : they reflect different philosophies.
The US approach is focused on internal controls and delivery of complex projects, and usong grown out of the project industry. The UK approach is more focused on the achievement of all aspects of a strategic objective, and has grown out of the strategic change industry.
This leads to inherent differences in the approach. There is no suggestion that either approach is right or wrong, in fact, they are complementary in many ways. Program management may provide a layer above the management of projects and focuses on project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free the best group of projects, defining them in terms of their objectives and providing an environment where projects can be run successfully.
Program managers should not micromanage, but should leave project management to the project managers. However, program management might need to deal with interdependencies, conflicts and resource or knowledge sharing among the projects it manages. In public sector work in Europethe term normally refers to multiple change projects: projects that are designed to deliver benefits to the host organization. An alternative to the Office project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free Government Commerce's methodology for program management is that of the private sector Project Management Institute.
Many organizations only run one program at a time, a program containing all their projects. In Project Management Institute terminology, this is more likely to be a project portfolio than a program. Some larger organizations may have multiple programs each designed to deliver a range of improvements.
Some organizations use the concept of Systems Engineering where others use program management. There are the two different views of how programs differ from projects. In one view, projects deliver outputs, discrete parcels or "chunks" of change; [4] programs create outcomes. By combining these projects with other deliverables and changes, their programs might deliver increased income from a new project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free, shorter waiting lists at the hospital or reduced operating costs due to improved technology.
The 20133 view [6] is that a program is nothing more than either a large project or a set or portfolio of projects. In this second view, the point of having a program is to exploit economies of scale and to reduce coordination costs and risks. The project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free manager's job is to ensure that their project succeeds. The program manager, on the other hand, is concerned with the aggregate outcome s or end-state result s of the collection of projects in a particular program.
For example, in a financial institution a program may include one project that is designed to take advantage of a rising market and another that is designed to protect against the downside of a falling market. The former seeks to leverage the potential upside; the latter to limit the possible downside. This highly pressurized aerosol product injects a leak sealant into a punctured tire to stop the outflow of air project A and concurrently re-inflates the tire project Bresulting together in the outcome that is a tire that is once again functional the program comprised projects A and B.
According to the view that programs deliver outcomes but projects deliver outputs, program management is concerned with project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free the right projects. The program manager has been described as 'playing chess' and keeping the overview in mind, with the pieces to be used or sacrificed being the projects. And also according to this view, successful projects deliver on time, to budget and to specification, whereas successful programs deliver long term improvements to an organization.
Project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free are usually identified through benefits. An organization should select the group of programs that nicrosoft take it towards its strategic aims while remaining within its capacity to deliver the changes. On the other hand, the view that programs project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free simply large projects or a set of projects allows that a program may need to deliver tangible benefits quickly. According to one source, the key difference between a program and a project is the finite nature of a project [9] - a project must always have a specific end date, else it is an ongoing program.
Another view and another successful way of managing does not see any of the factors listed above as distinguishing projects from programs, but rather sees the program as being about portfolio management. On this view, program management is about selecting projects, adjusting the speed at which they run, and adjusting their scope, in order to the maximize the value of the portfolio as a whole, and as economic or other external conditions change.
Still, some emphasize that whereas a portfolio consists of independent projects, a program is a collection of interdependent projects, adding a dimension of complexity to the management task. Yet project management using microsoft project 2013 pdf free view is that a program management is nothing more than a large, complex project, where the oroject aspect of project management is more important than in smaller projects.
Integration management is a key feature of the Project Management Institute 's approach to project management. Yet again, some accept there tree a distinction related to interdependencies between the elements of a project and a program. In this view, a program is a comparably loosely coupled system, whereas large, complex projects are tightly coupled.
This ;df makes the project program a more ambiguous task to manage, with more uncertainty, reflecting a higher degree of freedom and a management task more open to exploit opportunities as they arise or the program management becomes aware of them.
In practice, it is not clear that there is a clear-cut distinction. Projects or programs microwoft from small and simple to large and complex; what needs to be a managed as a program in one culture or organization may be managed as a project in another. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Process of managing several related projects. For the Microsoft Windows application, see Program Manager.
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You should see two side-by-side columns the start column and the finish column. By changing any of the dates in these columns, you are setting a hard date constraint. If you do so, a flag will appear in the very first column of the entry table, the column labeled I for information. If you rest the cursor on that flag, a message appears that informs you of the hard date constraint that has been applied to the task. Only one hard date constraint can be set per task at the start date or at the stop date, but not both.
Resources can be places, departments, businesses, people, equipment--anything required to complete an activity. When you create an assignment, you assign a resource to a task. The resource issue makes the project. You can assign: Individual resources Assign resources part time Several resources Remove resources from a task Replace one resource with another. In the Task name field, select the task to which you have to assign a resource.
Click on the assign resource button on the tool bar button with 2 faces on it. In the Name field, type in the name of the resource. Click assign. This is a bad assumption in the software business because as Brooks [1] pointed out, men and months are not interchangeable unless there is no interaction between them. If you decide to split your job with another person, you will have to spend some time training the other person to do your part of the job.
Then you will have to interact with the other person as the two of you together build the interfaces that are necessary between each person s module s.
Clearly, the time is not split in half. In the Task name field, select the task to which you have to remove a resource.
Click on the assign resource button button with 2 faces on it. Select the resource you want to remove. Click Remove. To print the required view,. The numbers to the left will appear automatically if you add the WBS column as demonstrated in class. The numbers shown in the WBS column above are there to indicate subordination.
This is precisely what the 1. Likewise, Management Supervisor Technical Clerical. Notice that, for the walk-throughs, all resources get assigned. MS Project will try to cut the duration to something less than one day. You must re-set the duration to one day for the walk-throughs once all resources have been assigned.
Explain why summary tasks have no stated duration in the table above. Explain why the first subordinate task immediately below a summary task has no predecessor.
The end result of all of these tasks and assignment entries is the following:. It also helps you to determine how closely the final project cost matches its estimated cost and also helps in planning for the future. For hourly rates, you can assign a standard rate, which is the rate you pay a resource during normal working hours. Rate is the amount you will pay the resource for any overtime that it does. To resources that charge a flat amount to do a job, you can assign a fixed cost per use.
On the View baron the left, click Resource sheet 2. In the Std. Rate, Ovt. On the View Bar, click Gantt Chart. On the View menu, click on Table, select Cost from the list and then click on Cost. In the Fixed Cost field for the task, type-in the cost 4. A fixed resource cost is added to other resource costs when MS Project calculates the total cost of a task, but doesn t depend on the time a resource spends working on the task. In the Task Name field, select a task.
On the Window menu, click Split. In the Resource Name field, select the resource name. If a new, undefined resource is to be assigned, it must be added to the list, so do so. On the format menu, point to details and then click Resource Cost.
In the Task type box, click Fixed Duration. In the units field for the resource, type 0 and then click OK 8. In the Cost field, type the fixed resource cost. On the Window menu, click Remove Split. Notice how this task is displayed on the Gantt Chart. You can:. View cost per resource. View the total project cost. View cost per task The sum of individual task costs make up most if not all of the total project cost. To view the total cost of each task 1.
On the vertical View Bar on the left, click Gantt Chart. Select View on the menu bar, click Table, and then choose Cost. Scroll the table on the left to view the Total Cost field. Alternatively, pull the partition back to the right to view more of the table and less of the Gantt Chart.
View the cost per Resource This helps you to know the total cost of that resource for all the tasks the resource is assigned to. On the vertical View Bar on the left, click Resource Sheet. On the Project menu, click Project Information. Click Statistics. Perhaps you would like to view project costs on the Entry table which is the default table that loads up with MS Project when it is booted. You would like an additional column to appear right after the name field and right before the duration field.
First position the highlight anywhere in the duration column. The click on the insert item on the menu bar. Then, click on Column In the Column Definition dialog box that appears, click on the drop down arrow associated with the Field Name field, the first field in the box. The list of columns that you can insert appear alphabetized by name. Scroll to cost and click on it. Now, click on the OK button in the upper right corner of the box.
The column now appears in your table exactly where you want it. And, now you can see all of your costs. The main goals of analyzing your project plan are to: Shorten the schedule, to meet project deadline. Distribute the work load evenly, by resolving resource over allocations, so that no resources are overworked. Reduce costs to a minimum, to save money and complete the project within your budget. The main factors that affect how MS Project determines a task s start and finish dates are: Placement.
In a logically ordered set of tasks, the tasks are usually performed in the order in which they appear in the task list.
Several factors affect duration, but, in general, the longer the duration you enter, the later a task finishes. Changing the duration may change the task finish date. Task dependencies. The type of link you establish between two tasks determines whether the successor task starts after the predecessor task is complete. By replacing one type of link with another, you can change the task s start and finish dates and, perhaps the project end date.
Overlap and delay. The overlap or lead-time you add between two tasks causes the successor task to begin earlier. The delay or lag time between two tasks causes the successor task to begin later.
You can force a task to start or finish on or near a date you specify by entering a start or finish date yourself or you can change the default constraint, as soon as possible to an inflexible constraint such as Must start on or Finish no later than. Its however better to let MS Project calculate and, if the schedule changes, recalculate. Assigned resources. When you assign resources to a task, the task duration can change.
Generally, more the resources you assign to a task, shorter its duration becomes. If you assign resources to a task, then by default, MS Project calculates a task duration based on the amount of work required to complete the task, the number of resources allotted, the working times and work assigned to the resources.
By changing the amount of work required to accomplish a task, you can change the task duration and thus the final date. Task type. By default each task is a fixed units task. You can change the task type to fixed duration or fixed work. Tasks that can delay a project are called critical tasks and the ones that do not delay are called non-critical tasks.
Critical tasks make up a special path known as the critical path. The critical path is the sequence of tasks that ends on the latest finish date, i. As previously mentioned in the main body of this chapter, the critical path is the longest path through the network and the path that determines the duration of the total project.
When you want to shorten the schedule, the critical path has to be shortened. For one you can right click anywhere in the Gantt Chart, select Gantt Chart Wizard and select Critical Path off the list of options that it gives you.
Another way is to change the view as follows: 1. On the view bar, click More views. On the View Bar, click more Views 2. In the Views list, click Detail Gantt, and then click Apply.
Slack on a task appears graphically as thin slack bars adjoining the regular Gantt bars. Drag the divider bar to the right to view the free slack and total slack fields To change the default slack time for critical tasks 1. On the tools menu click Options, and then click the Calculation tab. In the Tasks are critical if slack is less than or equal to box, enter the amount of slack time.
Adjusting non-critical tasks will not shorten the schedule. The actions you can take to shorten your schedule fall into two categories. Shorten task duration: This can be done by decreasing the duration directly, by decreasing total work,,assigning more resources to a task, by assigning overtime work and by increasing a resource s work schedule.
Compress the schedule by making the tasks start sooner: This can be done by combining or deleting tasks, breaking down a task into non-critical subtasks, by adding lead time to a task, changing the task dependency, type of task etc.
Breaking down a critical task into non critical subtasks 1. On the view bar click more views. In the Task Name field, select a single task on the critical path that could be completed in several steps. Click Unlink Tasks. Remove the resources assigned to the task. Select the task beneath the task you want to change, and then click new task on the insert menu. Repeat step 6 for each subtask you want to add. For each new task, type a name in the Task name field and a duration in the Duration field.
In the task Name field, select all the new tasks, and then click Indent to make them subtasks of the original task. Click Link task. Exercises 1. The Irving Companies are a small conglomerate specializing in health-related businesses, from wholesale planning to in-home health care and medical supplies.
The company wants to replace its old legacy systems with an ERP system. Define the business case 60 days 2. Specify requirements 10 days 3. Select an ERP vendor 10 days 5. Install the system 6. Install phase 1 10 days. Install phase 2 10 days 8. Install phase 3 12 days 9. Perform parameterization Parameterize phase 1 22 days Parameterize phase 2 15 days Parameterize phase 3 14 days Perform Testing Test phase 1 of the system 20 days Test phase 2 of the system 20 days Test phase 3 of the system 30 days Conduct Overall testing 5 days Conduct acceptance test 2 days Perform Training Train for phase 1 cut-over 10 days Train for phase 2 cut-over 10 days Train for phase 3 cut-over 12 days Perform Cut-over Perform phase 1 cut-over 2 days Perform phase 2 cut-over 3 days Perform phase 3 cut-over 4 days Assess performance in relation to specs 2 days Closeout 2 days Implement within MS Project.
Determine project duration. Assume one distinct person is assigned to each of the three phases. Decide what precedence relationships you will require. Determine the project overall cost.
In the project above, describe some ways to get it completed sooner, without adding resources. Turn in the hardcopy of the Gantt View of your project with the entry table shown and a cost column included in that table. For the sequence of steps in the problem above, determine the critical path. For the most part, teams manage projects. Introduction to Microsoft Project This document provides an introduction in using Microsoft Project Microsoft Project is a project management application that contains a set of tools to help.
It provides a list of quick tips and shortcuts for familiar features. This guide does NOT replace training. Microsoft Project is a software package designed help managers manage a variety.
Enter task names. Estimate and record how long each task should last. Create a milestone. MS Project Quick Guide 1. Creating a New Project Microsoft Project is a project management software program designed to assist project managers in developing plans, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing budgets,.
Examples would be File and Analysis. Learn how to create a project, break. One of our mottos is "a quality process creates a quality product. You will use the. Project Management: Intermediate Microsoft Project This document includes instructions for managing resources, updating project plans, and designing visual reports.
Managing Resources in a Project. You must have Microsoft Project or higher installed to complete these procedures. If necessary,. You will: Create a resource calendar. Assign resources to tasks. Assign additional. Project Management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to complete a specific goal. Microsoft Project is software that helps you. Start your project Open Project and.
The Assignment Equation The following equation controls the relationship between the Work, Duration, and Assignment Units for a task assignment: Or Or Work: The number of hours of real work effort spent. Click View and Resource Sheet 2. Slides Steps to Enter Duration: 1. In the Duration column of a task, enter a value, and press Enter on your keyboard Important Points: The default time unit is days, so when you enter 5, this becomes 5. What project management software is, basic concepts, the tasks.
Project management M project tutorial Part 1: Project beginning and the Gantt chart Purpose Project management by using Microsoft Project software Introduction Project management is a process of organizing,. Scheduling Document Creation What is a Schedule in epm?
Schedules The epm Schedule application is an integral part of the Portfolio Management suite of applications. Start and end dates for each summary. Resource Allocation in MS Project Calendars The project calendar determines the working days and hours available to your project, In addition each resource can have their unique calendars to mark time.
Introduction Before considering resourcing the schedule it is important to ask yourself one key question as it will require effort from the scheduler or. All rights reserved.
Project management deliverables e. Click File then New. Select any of the featured. Scheduling Glossary Activity. A component of work performed during the course of a project. Activity Attributes. Multiple attributes associated with each schedule activity that can be included within the. These instructions include all you need to know about adjusting your project in Microsoft Project Pro and may include instructions. Explain a Gantt Chart. Describe the main steps involved in creating a Gantt Chart using Excel.
It s just a macro enabled excel file that opens if you have Excel , , and on your Windows. Project planning with MindGenius This workshop looks at using MindGenius for planning and monitoring smaller projects. MindGenius is available free of charge on all University of Brighton staff and student. This course takes students step-by-step through the features. Click on the Resource. With small project teams, you and your team members may interact in.
Project Management Quick Reference Guide for MS Project Project offers flexibility and choice by providing tailored work management solutions for individuals, teams, and the enterprise.
Microsoft Project Activity Purpose: The goal of this activity is to lead you through the most important data entry and formatting activities in MS Project and to provide you with the fundamental knowledge.
This would relate to the cost of the project. This might affect the scope, cost and time constraints of your project. Strictly speaking, from the perspective of Project Management Methodology, a Plan and Schedule are not the same. A plan is a detailed action-oriented, experience and knowledge-based exercise which considers all elements of strategy, scope, cost, time, resources, quality and risk for the project.
Scheduling is the science of using mathematical calculations and logic to generate time- effective sequence of task considering any resource and cost constraints. Schedule is part of the Plan.
Of course the schedule is linked with resources, budgets and dependencies. This is because of two reasons. One, MS Project does more than just create a schedule it can establish dependencies among tasks, it can create constraints, it can resolve resource conflicts, and it can also help in reviewing cost and schedule performance over the duration of the project.
So it does help in more than just creating a Schedule. This it makes sense for Microsoft to market MS Project as a Plan Creator rather than over-simplifying it as just a schedule creator. Two, it is due to limitation of generally accepted form of English language, where a schedule can be both in a noun as well as verb form. As a noun, a Schedule is like a time table or a series of things to be done or of events to occur at or during a particular time or period.
And in the verb form, schedule is to plan for a certain date. The distinction is important for you as a project manager, but as far as MS project is concerned the noun form of Schedule is a Plan. Of course, a project manager should also be able to answer other project-related questions as well. Here you have options to open a new plan, some other plans, and even a new plan template. Click the Blank Project Tab.
The following screen pops up. Toolbar controls have heterogeneous sizes and are classified in visually distinguishable Groups. Groups are collections of related commands. Each tab is divided into multiple groups. Each tab contains several commands. If you point at a command you will see a description in a tooltip. Active view is the one you can see in the main window at a given point in time. The View label just tells you about the view you are using currently.
Project can display a single view or multiple views in separate panes. Because once you enter one of the two, and other project tasks, constraints and dependencies, MS Project will calculate the other date. It is always a good practice to use a start date even if you know the deadline for the project. In the list of available templates, click Blank Project. A dialog box appears. Click OK to accept the start date. Click the arrow on the Current Date dropdown box. A list appears containing three base calendars.
Now let us add exceptions. Step 3: Adding Exceptions to Calendar Exceptions are used to modify a Project calendar to have a non-standard workday or a non-working day. You can also allot unique working hours for a particular resource as well. Here is an example to create a non-working day, which could be because of a holiday or office celebrations or events other than the standard office work effort.
Change Working Time dialog box appears. This date is now scheduled as a non-working day for the project. You can also verify the changed color indicated in the calendar within the dialog box as below.
Click Ok to close. You can modify the resource calendar to accommodate flex-time, vacation time, training time, etc. Also remember, Resource Calendar can only be applied to work resources and not to material and cost resources. By default when we create the resources in a plan, the resource calendar matches the Standard base calendar.
And any changes you make to the Project Calendar, gets reflected automatically in resource calendars, except when you create an exception in the resource calendar. In that case even if you update the project calendar, the exception in resource calendar is not affected. Select the resource for whom you want to create an exception.
In example below I have chosen John. The Change Working Time dialog box appears. In the following screen you can see we have chosen John. Double-click the [default] cell below the Name column heading. We have chosen Tuesday and Wednesday. Click Set day s to these specific working times.
Change the time. Select the resource for whom you want to change work schedule. We have chosen John again. Click OK to close the Dialog box. You will now see all Fridays are greyed out in the calendar. You can record some top level information for your. Under Info Tab go to Project Information. Click arrow near Project Information to click Advanced Properties.
A dialog box opens, you can type in the changes as required. WBS identifies the deliverable at the lowest level as work package. So a task is action-oriented, and the work package is the deliverable or a result of one or more tasks being performed. There is a significant amount of confusion between what constitutes an activity and what constitutes a task within the project management community. But for MS Project, a task is the effort and action required to produce a particular project deliverable.
Enter the task name. In the following screen, we have entered 5 different tasks. Enter Duration A duration of the task is the estimated amount of time it will take to complete a task. As a project manager you can estimate a task duration using expert judgment, historical information, analogous estimates or parametric estimates.
You can enter task duration in terms of different dimensional units of time, namely minutes, hours, days, weeks, and months. You can use abbreviations for simplicity and ease as shown in the following table. So 1 day is not equivalent to 24 hours but has 8 hours of work for the day.
Of course, you can change these defaults anytime you want. You can apply this to all projects or a specific project that you are working on currently. One of the neat tricks MS Project possesses is, it considers duration of the task in work- day sense. So if you have a non-working day in between, it accommodates this and ensures a task that takes 16 hours to complete to end on the 3rd day.
In other words, if you have a task that needs 16 hours to complete starting on Monday AM if this is the time your work day starts, and 8 hours being total work hours in a day , and Tuesday being a holiday, the task will logically end on the evening of Wednesday.
Enter the duration. Task 1 in the following screenshot You can also enter Start and Finish date and MS Project will calculate the duration on its own. Task 3 and Task 4 in the following screenshot Note: In the above screenshot, Task 6 is scheduled to start on Sunday, which is a non- working day and ends on Wednesday. So essentially, one would believe that with these 3 days Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, the duration calculated would be 3 days.
But MS Project calculates it as 4 days. So one needs to be careful when choosing the start date of the task. Because for any successive operation, MS Project considers that Task 6 will take 4 days.
The next time, you change the start date, the Finish date changes to reflect this 4-day duration. Elapsed Duration Elapsed Duration is the time that elapses while some event is occurring which does not require any resources.
Elapsed duration for a task can be used in instances where a task will go on round-the-clock without any stoppage. A normal workday has 8 hours, and an elapsed day duration will have 24 hours.
The task also continues over non-working holidays and vacations and working days. So 1ew is seven hour days. And it takes 4 days for this to happen.
It does not need a resource or a work effort, and all you are doing is waiting for it to dry. You can use 4ed as the time duration, which signifies 4 elapsed days, the paint can dry regardless of whether it is a weekend or if it falls on a holiday. Here in this example, the drying occurs over 24 hours over the weekend. They are used as major progress points to manage project success and stakeholder expectations.
They are primarily used for review, inputs and budgets. Mathematically, a milestone is a task of zero duration. And they can be put where there is a logical conclusion of a phase of work, or at deadlines imposed by the project plan.
There are two ways you can insert a milestone. You can see the milestone appear with a rhombus symbol in the Gantt Chart View on the right. MS Project converts it to a Milestone. But one can also convert a task of non-zero duration into a Milestone.
This is rarely used and causes confusion. Double-click a particular Task name. Task Information dialog box opens. Create Summary Task There can be a huge number of tasks in a project schedule, it is therefore a good idea to have a bunch of related tasks rolled up into a Summary Task to help you organize the plan in a better way.
It helps you organize your plan into phases. In MS Project , you can have several number of sub-tasks under any higher level task. These higher level tasks are called Summary Task. At an even higher level, they are called Phases.
Remember because summary task is not a separate task entity but a phase of the project with several sub-tasks in it, the duration of the summary task is from the start of the first sub-task to the finish of the last sub-task. This will be automatically calculated by MS Project. Of course, you can enter a manual duration of the summary task as well which could be different from the automatically calculated duration. MS Project will keep track of both but this can cause significant confusion.
In most cases, you should ensure that there is no manually entered duration for any task you will be using as a Summary Task. If you would like to group Task 4 and Task 5 into a Summary Task 1. You can do it in two ways. Method 1 Select the names of Task 4 and Task 5. Rename it to Summary Task 1. Method 2 You can click Task 4 row.
You can rename the Task. Here it is renamed as Summary Task 1. Now select Task 4 and Task 5. For example, Task 2 can start once Task 1 has finished. These dependencies are called Links. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK Guide does not define the term dependency, but refers to it as a logical relationship, which in turn is defined as a dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.
In MS Project, the first task is called a predecessor because it precedes tasks that depend on it. The following task is called the successor because it succeeds, or follows tasks on which it is dependent. Any task can be a predecessor for one or more successor tasks. Likewise, any task can be a successor to one or more predecessor tasks.
There are only four types of task dependencies, here we present them with examples. Most used. One does not have to finish collecting survey response before starting the tabulation. Least used. Method 1 Select the two tasks you want to link.
In the following screenshot taken as an example, we have selected names, Task 1 and Task 2. Task 1 and Task 2 are linked with a Finish-to-Start relationship.
A drop down box appears with all Tasks defined in the project. Choose the predecessor task. Click OK. Here I have chosen Task 3. All tasks get linked. To select non-adjacent tasks, hold down Ctrl key and select each task separately.
Respect Links If you are in Manually Scheduled mode, any change in duration of the predecessor task will not reflect on Start date of Task 4. Scheduling is controlled in two ways. Manual Scheduling: This is done to quickly capture some details without actually scheduling the tasks.
It calculates values such as task durations, start dates, and finish dates automatically. It takes into accounts all constraints, links and calendars. For example, at Lucerne Publishing, the new book launch plan has been reviewed by the resources who will carry out the work and by other project stakeholders. Although you expect the plan to change somewhat as you learn more about the book launch, you now have enough confidence in the overall plan to switch from manual to automatic task scheduling.
Converting Task to Automatic Schedule We have three different methods to convert a task to automatic schedule. Method 1 If you want to change the mode for a particular task, say Task 5 in the following example.
Click on Task Mode cell in the same row. Then, click the down arrow to open a dropdown box, you can select Auto Scheduled. Method 3 To switch completely to Auto Schedule mode: Toggle the scheduling mode of the plan by clicking the New Tasks status bar at the bottom-left and then selecting Auto scheduling mode.
Go to File tab and click Options. They can be people, equipment, facilities, funding, or anything except labor required for the completion of a project task. Optimum Resource Scheduling is the key to successful project management.
Travel expenses, food expenses, etc. For example, paint being used while painting a wall. Note: Be aware of the crucial difference between People and Equipment resources. People resources will have limited work hours, say 6, 8 or 12 hours. Equipment resources have different working capacities of 2, 8 or 24 hours and could have maintenance breaks as well. Also note, that it is possible multiple people resources might be using one equipment resource, or one equipment might be accomplishing multiple tasks.
Enter Work Resource Names You can enter resource names according to your convenience. Click the cell directly below the Resource Name heading column. Enter Resources as an individual person, job function or group. The resource is available full-time on each workday. If a resource does not represent an individual person but a job function, where a group of people with the same skill set can work on the task, we can enter larger Max Units to represent the number of people in the group.
Click the Max. Units field for the Engineers resource. Press Enter. Units would mean you expect the resource capacity to be lower than a full-time resource. Click the cell directly below Resource Name heading column. Enter Resource as an individual or job function. You can also enter overtime rates for work resources. Standard rates are calculated on per hour basis.
Costs per use on the other hand are costs that do not vary with task. Cost per use is a set fee used up to complete a task. There are three types of resources: work, material, and cost. Like paint being used while painting a wall. People resources will have limited work hours say 6, 8 or 12 hours. Equipment resources can have different working capacities of 2, 8 or 24 hours and could have maintenance breaks as well. Also note that it is possible multiple people resources might be using one equipment resource, or one equipment might be accomplishing multiple tasks.
Cost resources do not use pay rates. Remember cost per use and cost resources are two different things. Cost resources are financial cost associated with a task, like travel expenses, food expenses, etc. The cost value of cost resource is only assigned when you assign cost resource to a task. MS Project will not automatically apply overtime calculations.
Click the cell directly below Resource Name heading column to create Resources. Click the Std. Rate field for each resource to costs in hourly default , daily, weekly, monthly and yearly rates.
In the following example, the resource Rasmus is left at zero. Click the Ovt. Rate field to enter overtime rates.
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